Participants
Their imply decades is actually M = 32.7; SD = , ages ranged off 18 to help you 69 years. Most of the people volunteered to take part in the study up on informed agree, and additionally they don’t located settlement (financial if not) due to their involvement. All the tests displayed in the paper was authorized by the Integrity Committee of one’s Jagiellonian University Institute away from Used Therapy
Material and you will Procedure
We used a similarity judgment task eg within the Vigliocco ainsi que al. (2005), hence contained to present members with triads from nouns. The nouns creating the newest triads belonged to at least one out of three groups: abstract nouns (age.grams., construction, time), words making reference to inanimate items and you can terminology writing on pet. For each and every triad contains nouns in one classification, i.age., pets were not blended with inanimate items and you will/otherwise conceptual info. The whole listing of stimuli is exhibited inside the Appendix 2.
For each and every triad contained one or two nouns of the same grammatical gender (one or two women otherwise two male) and another noun of another grammatical gender. This is why for each triad had either brand new MMF construction (several masculine words and something female keyword) otherwise FFM build (several female terminology and another masculine keyword) – inside randomized buy. Brand new nouns building this new triad belonged to at least one out of around three kinds: sixteen abstract nouns, eg: big date (Meters from inside the Shine), form (F during the Polish); sixteen inanimate objects, eg: trick (M), needle (F); twelve words writing on pet, like: bison (M), zebra (F). As well as getting noted, we made use of a lot fewer pet (12). It resulted regarding undeniable fact that i adopted rigorous possibilities conditions. First of all, they were creature labels that have a certain grammatical gender, however, of these that don’t suggest new physical sex of your own creature, which means exact same term means the male and women of one’s form of creature. As an example the conditions lew (lion) and you can lwica (lioness) might be stopped, because they demonstrably imply the new animal’s physical gender, limiting new stimuli to help you terminology for example zyrafa (and this indicates each other a female and male giraffe). Subsequently, i chosen pets which do not keeps distinctive have that may be a definite expectations for buying a few items for the a great triad (elizabeth.g., in the event that one or two pet originated in Africa plus one from the Arctic System, then the place of source could easily end up being a good criterion having categorization). Likewise, in the event that there were a couple mammals and one reptile regarding triad, then this might become the traditional preference. Therefore we chose pets hence every belonged on group of exotic actually-toed ungulates. The selection requirement are the resemblance in appearance, choices and the environment of your pet. For other version of nouns, i used a similar signal. As a result, we avoided facts in which a couple most beautiful girl from Nashville, AR in USA of belongings in a good triad could have a glaring popular feature, which is made use of given that a beneficial categorization standard. An alternative inclusion specifications is actually large keyword usage regularity, to prevent a more innovative research of your definition of the terms and conditions which could occur to own unfamiliar nouns, and may also lead to a mindful the means to access grammatical gender whenever carrying out the job (along the lines of I am not sure the fresh new significance of terminology however they are both feminine).
We used counterbalancing in order to ensure that more word combinations might be utilized. Triads was indeed created having fun with all you are able to three-noun combinations (that have reps) contained in this for every category, producing 153 triads to own conceptual nouns and you may items for each and every, and 91 triads to own animals. Of these readily available triads, we written 7 kits towards abstract terms and you may artifacts (64 triads for each and every) and you may cuatro kits having animals (45 triads for each and every). In case there are pet there had been a lot fewer sets of triads, because the less terms introduced the new rigid alternatives procedure revealed a lot more than (6 male gender terms and conditions and you can 6 feminine gender terminology).